Main Electrical Service

Contractor Selected — SLS Electric LLC

Quote: $4,610 (200A service + 50A generator plug) Contact: Steve — steve@slselectric.net — (989) 615-8304 Status: Awaiting scheduling (main service); generator plug after siding Details: Quote Summary | Contractor Records

Service Specifications: 200A Wire, 100A Connection

Panel: 200 amp breaker panel in garage (mounted on plywood with wireway) Feed Wire: 200A capacity (2/0 AWG copper or 4/0 AWG aluminum) Initial Connection: 100 amp breaker at house main panel House Panel Location: SW corner basement, west wall

Future-Proofing Strategy:

  • 100A service provides plenty of capacity for all current garage needs
  • 200A wire installed now future-proofs for potential upgrade
  • If house upgrades to 400A service, garage can upgrade to 200A by changing breaker only
  • Cost difference for wire is minimal vs. digging new trench later

Existing House Panel Documentation

Photo documentation of the house main panel (2025-12-02) provides baseline reference for electrical contractor discussions:

  • Panel Interior (Open) — Full panel view with deadfront open showing circuit layout, breaker positions, and inspection stickers
  • Inspection Stickers — Close-up of mechanical, plumbing, and electrical inspection approvals (Permits: M305565, P2256472, 2006 electrical)
  • Panel Label & Legend — Factory data label with bus rating, breaker specs, and circuit legend showing available space for 100A feeder breaker
  • Panel Exterior (Closed) — Wide shot showing panel mounting, work clearance, and conduit routing pathways

Panel Specifications (from photos)

  • Manufacturer: Eaton / Cutler-Hammer 200A residential load center
  • Available Space: Top-left position suitable for 2-pole 100A breaker
  • Existing Inspections: Final mechanical (3/28/05), plumbing (3/30/05), electrical (3/27/06)
  • Work Clearance: Meets NEC 30” width requirement

Scope of Work — Contractor vs. DIY

SLS Electric (Licensed Electrician — $4,610):

  • 200A panel installation in garage (mounted on plywood with wireway)
  • Underground feeder from house to garage (trenching + conduit + wire pull)
  • 50A generator plug (exterior-mounted, installed after siding complete)
  • Front soffit recessed lights (3x wafer lights)
  • One interior convenience outlet + one light switch
  • 2x low-voltage conduits (house to garage)

Owner (DIY) — All Interior Electrical:

  • All 120V branch circuits (perimeter, workbench, ceiling/door, lift bay, mechanical room)
  • All 240V dedicated circuits (lift, compressor, welder/plasma, EV/auxiliary)
  • UPS distribution circuit with orange outlets (UPS Strategy)
  • Interior lighting installation and wiring (18x LED fixtures across 3 circuits)
  • Smart home integration (Shelly relays, motion sensors, Home Assistant)
  • Loft subpanel feeder and all loft/apartment circuits (future)
  • Network wiring (Cat6A, smurf tubing, patch panel — see Network Planning)
  • Fume extraction and ventilation circuits

Why this split: SLS handles the service entrance, generator hookup, and exterior work that require licensure, utility coordination (DTE), and permitting. All interior branch circuit work is owner-installed following NEC code. Interior work will be inspected per local requirements.

Service Route:

Installation Requirements:

  • Licensed electrician required
  • Permit and inspection required
  • NEC compliant burial depth (18”-24” depending on wire type/protection)
  • Proper grounding and bonding per code
  • THWN-2 or XHHW-2 conductors in conduit, or direct-burial rated cable

Outlets & Wiring

  • GFCI protection for all 120V garage outlets.
  • NM-B (Romex) allowed in finished walls; keep 1.25” from stud face or use nail plates.
  • Heights: 12–18” typical; 48” above floor for workbench runs.
  • Provide extra circuits for tools and future loads.

Outlet Protection Strategy

Workshop Safety Consideration: In a metal-working and automotive environment, loose metal parts (bolts, sockets, brackets, metal shavings) pose a risk of bridging outlet contacts, especially behind cabinets and shelving where they may not be immediately visible.

Required Protection:

  • Tamper-resistant (TR) outlets throughout garage (NEC required for all 120V 15A/20A receptacles)
  • TR outlets have internal spring shutters that prevent single-prong insertion
  • Provides baseline protection but doesn’t prevent two metal objects bridging both contacts

Additional Protection for Blocked Outlets: When cabinets, shelving, or equipment block access to outlets:

  1. Simple outlet caps/plugs - Inexpensive (~$5 for 36-pack), easy to remove, prevents debris and accidental contact
  2. Blank cover plates - For permanently blocked outlets, replace receptacle with blank plate (still accessible by removing one screw)
  3. Weatherproof in-use covers - Spring-loaded hinged covers for occasionally-accessed outlets in high-debris areas

Best Practices:

  • Stock spare outlet caps in the shop to protect outlets as layout evolves
  • Label blocked outlets on circuit schedule for future reference
  • Inspect behind shelving periodically for any metal debris near outlets
  • Consider weatherproof covers for outlets near metalworking zones (welder, grinder, plasma cutter areas)

Procurement:

Recommended Simple Outlet Caps (easy removal, bulk packs):

  • JOOL BABY 32-Pack - $6-8 (Home Depot) - Best for local pickup, perfect quantity
  • Safety Innovations 50-Pack - $10-12 (Amazon) - Best value per cap, Prime shipping
  • Idea Safety 40-Pack - $8-10 (Amazon) - Mid-size option, good reviews
  • Dreambaby 24-Pack - $5-7 (Lowe’s) - Smallest pack, in-store pickup

For High-Risk Metalworking Areas:

  • AIV Locking Outlet Covers 6-Pack (AIV Inc.) - More secure for plasma cutter/grinder/welder zones

Weatherproof While-In-Use Covers (for high-debris areas):

Recommended Products:

  • TayMac MM410C Clear In-Use Cover - $8-12 each (Amazon, Lowe’s) - Best for workshop, clear polycarbonate, horizontal/vertical mount
  • Commercial Electric Metal While-In-Use Cover - $16 (Home Depot) - Metal construction, extra durability
  • Commercial Electric Extra Duty In-Use Cover - $12-15 (Home Depot) - 16-in-1 configurations, very versatile
  • BELL Self-Closing Duplex Cover - $6-8 (Home Depot) - Budget option for lower-risk areas

Which Outlets Need In-Use Covers:

High Priority (metal debris/sparks):

  1. Welder/Plasma outlet (50A 240V NEMA 6-50) - Use TayMac MM410C or Commercial Electric Metal
  2. Workbench outlets near metalworking (3-4 outlets) - Use TayMac MM410C clear covers
  3. Air compressor area outlets - Use TayMac MM410C (compressor stays plugged in)
  4. Lift bay support outlets (2× 20A near columns) - Use Commercial Electric Extra Duty (16-in-1 for versatility)

Medium Priority (general debris): 5. Perimeter outlets in fabrication zones - Use BELL self-closing or TayMac as budget allows 6. Ceiling/door run outlets - Consider for cord reels exposed to airborne debris

Budget Estimate:

  • 6-8 TayMac covers @ 48-96
  • 2-3 Commercial Electric heavy-duty @ 24-48
  • Total: ~$75-150 for complete high-risk area protection

Other Items:

  • TR outlets: Specify in electrical materials order

Main Floor Outlet & Circuit Layout

120V general-purpose circuits

  • Perimeter runs (4× 20A): Each wall gets its own GFCI-protected 20A circuit with receptacles every ≤6’. Expect ≈22 floor-height duplexes so any bay can power tools without cord trees.
  • Workbench runs (2× 20A): Dedicated 20A circuits serving 5–6 duplexes at 48” AFF along the main bench/toolbox wall plus two outlets under-counter for fridge/chargers. Keeps benchtop tools isolated from bay loads.
  • Ceiling/door run (1× 20A): Feeds garage door openers, front wall outlets, cord reels, and camera/sensor outlets. Detailed breakdown:
    • Garage door openers (3×): Ceiling outlets near each opener for factory power cords (plug-in, not hardwired). Openers draw ~5A briefly when running, <1A idle. Using factory cords maintains serviceability and manufacturer warranty.
    • Front wall outlets (2-3×): Duplex outlets on front wall between garage doors at standard height (12-18” AFF). Useful for leaf blowers, car vacuums, battery chargers, and general bay-front tasks.
    • Cord reels/drops (3×): Ceiling outlets for retractable cord reels between bays. Prevents extension cords across floor.
    • Camera/sensor outlets: Low-draw security and automation devices.
    • Total estimated load: Well under 20A even with simultaneous use (openers run briefly, front wall outlets typically light-duty).
    • GFCI protection: Use GFCI breaker at panel (not GFCI outlet). Since first outlet in chain is ceiling-mounted, breaker-based protection avoids ladder access for reset.
    • Wiring topology: Ceiling run with wall drops - run 12/2 NM-B along ceiling through opener and cord reel boxes first, then drop down to front wall outlets from nearest ceiling box. Minimizes wire runs and simplifies routing through open joists.
  • Lift-bay support (1× 20A): Two WR duplexes, one near each lift column, for diagnostics lights/fans separate from the lift’s 240V feed.
  • Mechanical/server convenience (2× 20A dedicated): Utility receptacles tied to the server rack circuit and the boiler/pump control circuit, matching the mechanical room requirements.
  • UPS distribution circuit (1× 20A dedicated): Feeds centralized rack-mount UPS in mechanical room; UPS output powers dedicated orange-colored outlets at server rack, 3D printer station, workbench, and future loft office. DIY installation. See Approach B Centralized UPS Distribution — “Orange Outlet” Strategy.

Total: 7 general-purpose 20A circuits (≈30 outlets) plus two dedicated 20A circuits in the mechanical room, all balanced across panel legs.

240V / dedicated loads

  • 2-post lift: 30A 240V (4-wire) circuit with local disconnect between the PEX-free pads in bay 3.
  • Air compressor: 30A 240V circuit in the corner feeding the planned manifold/piping system.
  • Welder / plasma: 50A 240V (NEMA 6-50) receptacle along the bench wall for welding, plasma cutting, or blasting equipment noted in the design docs.
  • EV / auxiliary: 50A 240V (NEMA 14-50) receptacle centered on the back wall between bays for EV charging or future auxiliary loads.
  • Mini-split outdoor unit: Dedicated breaker and disconnect sized per Mitsubishi MXZ nameplate.
  • Generator inlet: 50A 240V weatherproof NEMA 14-50 inlet with interlock as described in the backup power plan.

Ventilation / Fume Extraction Circuits

  • Fume extraction blower (loft): Dedicated 20A 120V circuit for inline fume extraction blower serving loft workstations (resin printers, soldering, airbrushing). Junction box location in loft ceiling near planned exhaust penetration. See Fume Extraction Strategy.
  • Paint booth exhaust fan (future): Consider 20A 120V or 20A 240V ceiling outlet near Bay 1 or Bay 3 for future heavy-duty paint booth exhaust fan. Explosion-proof rated equipment may require specific wiring considerations.
  • Ceiling outlet for dust collection (optional): 15A 120V for future ceiling-mounted cyclone separator or dust collector if upgrading from shop vac approach.

All 240V circuits pull through the embedded conduits shown in the slab photos, leaving space for future additions.

Dedicated Loads & Future-Proofing

  • Car lift (verify voltage/amp requirements; often 220V/30A).
  • Air compressor (dedicated 240V circuit as needed).
  • Welder receptacle (e.g., 50A 240V), EVSE rough-in, server rack circuit.
  • Mini-split outdoor unit dedicated breaker; heads as required.
  • Panel sizing: 200A panel with 100A feed provides ample capacity for all loads (see Main Electrical Service above).

Second Floor Apartment Subpanel ✅ CONFIRMED

Inspector Guidance (January 27, 2026)

Building inspector confirmed the subpanel approach and provided guidance:

  • Recommended: Install separate subpanel upstairs so future tenant can reset their own breakers
  • DIY allowed: Homeowner can self-install if space is used as general-purpose first, then converted to apartment later
  • If immediate apartment: Would require licensed electrician due to dwelling unit codes
  • Strategy: Use loft as general bonus room initially, convert to apartment later = DIY installation permitted

See Inspector Visit Notes for full inspection summary.

Confirmed Electrical Plan

Main Floor (Workshop/Garage):

  • All outlets, lighting, lift, compressor, welder, etc. → Main 200A Panel
  • This is the primary workshop electrical system

Second Floor (Loft/Future Apartment):

  • All outlets, lighting, future HVAC → Dedicated 100A Subpanel
  • Subpanel located in loft, accessible for tenant breaker resets
  • Future-proofs for apartment conversion without rewiring

The second floor is planned for a future rental apartment. A dedicated subpanel on the second floor allows tenants to reset their own tripped breakers without requiring access to the main garage workshop.

Electrical Topology

House Main Panel (200A)
       ↓
   100A feeder
       ↓
Garage Main Panel (200A) ← Workshop, lift, compressor, etc.
       ↓
   60-100A feeder
       ↓
Apartment Subpanel (2nd floor) ← Tenant-accessible for resets

Subpanel Sizing

OptionCapacityBest For
60A subpanelAdequate for typical apartment loadsSmall apartment, mini-split on separate circuit
100A subpanelExtra headroom for future expansionElectric range, electric dryer, or growth potential

Recommendation: 100A subpanel with 20-24 spaces provides flexibility for future needs and costs marginally more than 60A.

Circuit Protection Requirements (Dwelling Unit)

Rental apartments have different code requirements than garages. Dwelling units require AFCI protection for most living spaces.

Room/AreaAFCI RequiredGFCI RequiredBreaker Type
BedroomsYesNoAFCI
Living roomYesNoAFCI
Kitchen (general)YesYes (near sink)Dual function
Kitchen (countertop)YesYesDual function
BathroomNoYesGFCI
LaundryYesYesDual function
Hallways/closetsYesNoAFCI

Note: Dual function breakers (AFCI+GFCI) are ideal for kitchen and laundry circuits where both protections are required. Unlike the garage floor where motors can cause nuisance AFCI trips, apartment circuits have typical residential loads that work well with AFCI protection.

Panel Location Requirements

  • Tenant accessible: Hallway closet, utility closet, or similar location within apartment
  • NEC working clearance: 30” wide × 36” deep × 78” high minimum clear space
  • Not in bathroom or clothes closet (NEC restriction)
  • Coordinate with floor plan during framing phase

Feeder Routing

  • Run feeder from garage main panel up to second floor
  • Rough-in conduit during framing — much easier/cheaper than retrofitting later
  • Coordinate chase/penetration location with floor plan and stair layout
  • Typical feeder: 4 AWG copper or 2 AWG aluminum for 100A subpanel

Metering Considerations

ApproachTenant BillingNotes
Subpanel only (no separate meter)Included in rentTenant usage on landlord’s bill; simpler install
Separate meterTenant pays own electricRequired in some jurisdictions for rentals; check local codes

Action: Confirm with building department whether separate metering is required for rental units in your jurisdiction.

Rough-In Checklist ⚠️ DO BEFORE INSULATION/DRYWALL

Critical Timing

These items are 10x easier now while walls are open. Once insulation and drywall are installed, routing conduit and wire becomes much more difficult and expensive.

Subpanel Feeder Rough-In

  • Determine subpanel location — Choose accessible spot in loft (hallway/utility area, NOT bathroom or closet). Must have 30”W × 36”D × 78”H clear working space. — stage:: 3
  • Plan feeder route — Map path from main panel location up to loft subpanel location (e.g., mechanical room ceiling → floor penetration → subpanel) — stage:: 3
  • Install conduit — Run 1¼” EMT or PVC from main panel area to subpanel location. Pull string for later wire pull. — stage:: 3
  • Mark floor penetration — Fire-stop penetration through floor assembly per code — stage:: 3
  • Install subpanel backing — Mount ¾” plywood backing at subpanel location (24”W × 30”H minimum) — stage:: 3

Loft Circuit Rough-In

  • Plan outlet locations — Determine outlet placement based on potential apartment layout (bedrooms, living area, kitchen, bathroom) — stage:: 3
  • Run outlet boxes — Install electrical boxes at planned outlet locations while walls are open — stage:: 3
  • Run lighting boxes — Install ceiling boxes for light fixtures — stage:: 3
  • Rough-in bathroom circuit — Dedicated 20A GFCI circuit for bathroom — stage:: 3
  • Rough-in kitchen circuits — Two dedicated 20A circuits for kitchen countertop receptacles (if planning kitchen) — stage:: 3
  • Consider HVAC circuit — If dedicated loft mini-split, rough-in 240V circuit from subpanel location to outdoor unit area — stage:: 3

Documentation & Coordination

  • Discuss with SLS Electric — Coordinate subpanel feeder with main service install; they may want to pull feeder wire at same time — stage:: 3
  • Photo document rough-in — Photograph all conduit runs and box locations before insulation covers them — stage:: 3
  • Confirm metering requirements — Check with Clare building department if separate meter required for future rental — stage:: 3

Feeder Specifications

ItemSpecificationNotes
Feeder wire4 AWG copper THWN or 2 AWG aluminum4-wire: 2 hots + neutral + ground
Conduit1¼” EMT or Schedule 40 PVC minimumAllows easy wire pull
Subpanel100A, 20-24 spacesSiemens, Square D, or Eaton recommended
Breaker at main panel100A 2-poleFeeds the subpanel

Subpanel Grounding — Common DIY Mistake

In a subpanel (unlike the main panel):

  • Neutral and ground bars must be SEPARATE (not bonded together)
  • Ground bar bonds to panel enclosure
  • Neutral bar is isolated/floating
  • Requires 4-wire feeder (2 hots + neutral + ground)

This is the #1 mistake DIYers make with subpanels. If bonded incorrectly, neutral current can flow on ground wires creating shock and fire hazards.

Backup Power & Generator Integration

Generator Plug Included in Electrical Quote

50A generator plug (NEMA 14-50) included in SLS Electric quote ($725 line item as part of 200A upgrade) Installation timing: AFTER siding is complete (exterior-mounted inlet box) Notify Steve when siding is finished to schedule generator plug installation

Critical Design Decision: Interlock Location

IMPORTANT: The location of the manual interlock determines what the generator can power during outages. Two primary options exist:

Option A: Interlock at House Main Panel (Whole-Property Backup)

  • Generator inlet at house exterior (near service entrance)
  • Manual interlock at house 200A main panel
  • Powers entire property (house AND garage) during outages
  • Generator can be stored at garage, connected via power cord during outages
  • Most useful for protecting house critical loads (furnace, refrigerator, well pump)
  • Garage automatically powered through existing 100A subpanel feed

Option B: Interlock at Garage Subpanel (Garage-Only Backup)

  • Generator inlet at garage exterior wall
  • Manual interlock at garage 200A subpanel
  • Powers garage only during outages (house remains unpowered)
  • Simpler installation, generator at point of use
  • Less useful for whole-property emergency preparedness

Current Recommendation: Option A (house interlock) provides better value and functionality. Electrician quote will include both options for comparison.

System Components (Common to Both Options)

Generator Inlet:

  • 50A inlet (240V NEMA 14-50 weatherproof box)
  • Location depends on interlock option selected
  • 4-wire connection (Hot A, Hot B, Neutral, Ground)

Manual Interlock Kit:

  • Prevents utility and generator breakers from being ON simultaneously
  • Eliminates backfeed hazard to utility grid
  • Location: house main panel OR garage subpanel (see options above)
  • Easier to install during initial electrical service (before panel energized)

Natural Gas Integration:

  • Natural gas quick-connect port at garage (installed with gas service)
  • Allows tri-fuel generator unlimited runtime during extended outages
  • Generator can be stored at garage regardless of interlock location

Initial Plan: Portable Generator

  • Starting with portable tri-fuel generator (Predator 11,500W inverter or similar)
  • Manual interlock for safe grid isolation
  • Natural gas connection at garage for unlimited runtime
  • Lower initial cost, full functionality

Future Upgrade Path: Permanent Standby Generator

  • May upgrade to permanent standby unit (Generac, Kohler, etc.) in future
  • Electrical infrastructure designed to support upgrade:
    • Manual interlock replaceable with automatic transfer switch (ATS)
    • 50A circuit adequate for most residential standby generators
    • Natural gas connection already in place
    • Inlet location and conduit support permanent installation
  • Upgrade process: Replace interlock with ATS, mount permanent generator, connect to gas
  • Design goal: Avoid ripping out and redoing electrical work during upgrade

Design Notes

  • Interlock location affects emergency preparedness strategy (garage-only vs whole-property)
  • Option A may require power cord from garage to house inlet OR permanent feeder circuit
  • Both options prevent backfeed to utility (safe for utility workers)
  • Infrastructure designed for future upgrade to permanent standby generator
  • See electrician quotes for cost comparison between options

See: Backup Generator Plan for complete generator specifications, interlock location analysis, natural gas integration, and upgrade path to permanent standby generator.

Interior Lighting (Main Garage Floor)

Comprehensive Plan: See Interior Lighting Plan for complete specifications, product recommendations, and shopping list.

Overview

  • Total Fixtures: 18× 4ft LED shop lights (5000K, 4000-5500 lumens each)
  • Total Illumination: 72,000-99,000 lumens (75-100 lumens/sq ft)
  • Mounting: 9 flush-mount (vehicle bays) + 9 suspension-mount (workbench/lift area)
  • Technology: Linkable LED fixtures to minimize electrical runs

Circuit Assignment

Circuit 1: Vehicle Bay Lighting (1× 20A)

  • 9 fixtures in 3 linkable groups (3 ceiling outlets)
  • Flush-mounted in rows between parking bays
  • Load: 360W (3A @ 120V)
  • Shares ceiling/door run circuit capacity

Circuit 2: Workbench Task Lighting (1× 20A)

  • 6 fixtures in 2 linkable groups (2 outlets)
  • Suspension-mounted 36-48” above work surfaces
  • Load: 240W (2A @ 120V)
  • Shares workbench circuit with outlets

Circuit 3: Lift Bay Support Lighting

  • 3 fixtures (2 flush overhead + 1 suspension near columns)
  • Load: 120W (1A @ 120V)
  • Shares lift-bay support 20A circuit

Total Lighting Load: 720W (6A @ 120V) distributed across 3 circuits

Smart Controls Integration

  • Vehicle Bays: Motion sensor + Shelly relay (auto-off energy savings)
  • Workbench: Manual control via Shelly relay (work mode, no auto-off)
  • Lift Bay: Manual or lift-activation tied control
  • Home Assistant Scenes: “All On”, “Work Mode”, “Bay Mode”, “Away”

Outlet Requirements

  • 3× ceiling outlets for vehicle bay flush-mount groups
  • 2× workbench-height outlets for suspension-mount groups
  • 1× lift area outlet for task lighting
  • All outlets on appropriate circuits per zone

Coordination Notes

  • Coordinate fixture placement with compressed air line routing
  • Maintain clearance from mini-split indoor units
  • Ensure overhead lights clear 2-post lift when raised
  • Locate ceiling joists before installation (see compressed air actions)

Product Recommendation

Barrina LED Shop Lights (20-pack, $199.99)

  • 4ft, 40W, 5500 lumens, 5000K daylight
  • Linkable up to 6 units, dual-mount capability
  • See Shopping List for full product options

Installation Reference

See Interior Lighting Layout Diagram for detailed fixture placement, spacing, and mounting specifications.


Exterior Lighting (Soffit)

  • Recessed LED soffit lights above garage and entry doors; use IC/wet-rated fixtures.
  • Provide neutral in switch box; plan Shelly 1/Plus 1 smart relay integration.
  • Motion sensing via hardwired PIR(s) to Shelly SW input (parallel) or wireless sensors via Home Assistant.
  • Consider splitting soffit lighting into 1–2 circuits for flexibility and load.
  • Coordinate junctions, drip loops, and sealant for weatherproofing.

Actions

Priority: Subpanel Rough-In (Before Insulation)

  • Determine loft subpanel location — Plan based on potential apartment layout — stage:: 3
  • Run subpanel feeder conduit — 1¼” conduit from main panel to loft before walls close — stage:: 3
  • Install subpanel backing board — ¾” plywood at subpanel location — stage:: 3
  • Rough-in loft electrical boxes — Outlets and lighting locations while walls open — stage:: 3
  • Coordinate with SLS Electric — Discuss subpanel during main service install — stage:: 3

Main Floor Electrical

  • Draft circuit schedule with estimated loads. — order:: Electrical Materials Order — stage:: 3
  • Lay out receptacle heights and locations (workbench, tools, doors). — order:: Electrical Materials Order — stage:: 3
  • Coordinate conduit path between house and garage for low-voltage. — stage:: 2
  • Add soffit lighting circuit(s), neutral in switch, and optional sensor conduit to plan. — order:: Exterior Lighting Order — stage:: 5
  • Add fume extraction blower circuit (20A 120V) to circuit schedule — loft ceiling location. — stage:: 3
  • Determine paint booth exhaust circuit requirements (120V vs 240V, explosion-proof considerations). — stage:: 3

References

Procurement